<p><strong>Noun</strong></p><ul><li>Psychology: Also called operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning.</li><li>A process of changing behavior by rewarding or punishing a subject each time an action is performed until the subject associates the action with pleasure or distress.</li><li>Also called classical conditioning, Pavlovian conditioning, or respondent conditioning.</li><li>A process in which a stimulus that was previously neutral, such as the sound of a bell, comes to evoke a particular response, such as salivation, by being repeatedly paired with another stimulus that normally evokes the response, such as the taste of food.</li></ul>